BYLAWS OF THE GREATER NEW ORLEANS FREE-NET AMENDED - MARCH 8, 1994 ARTICLE 1. NAME Article 1, Section 1. Name The name of the organization shall be Greater New Orleans Free-Net hereinafter known as GNO-FN. ARTICLE 2. OFFICES Article 2, Section 1. Principal Office The principal office of the corporation is in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, State of Louisiana. Article 2, Section 2. Change of Address The designation of the parish or state of the corporation s principal office may be changed by amendment of these Bylaws. The Board of Directors may change the principal office from one location to another within the named parish by noting the changed address and effective date below, and such changes of address shall not be deemed, nor require, an amendment of these Bylaws. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Article 2, Section 3. Other Offices The corporation may also have offices at other such places within or without its state of incorporation, where it is qualified to do business, as its business and activities may require, and as the board of directors may, from time to time, designate. ARTICLE 3. NON PROFIT PURPOSES Article 3, Section 1. IRS Section 501(c)(3) Purposes This corporation is organized exclusively for one or more of the purposes as specified in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (charitable, religious, educational, scientific and literary purposes), including for such purposes, the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code or corresponding section of any future federal tax code. Article 3, Section 2. Specific Objectives and Purposes The corporation is organized to promote, encourage and advance through publications, research, teaching, education, economic development, public service, communications, local, state and national government affairs, informational and other services: a) The establishment, development and support of free, open-access community computer systems in the nine parishes of the MetroVision region: Orleans, Jefferson, Plaquemines, St. Charles, St. Bernard, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany, and Tangipahoa. b) The establishment, development and support of a common network of community computer systems for the free exchange of information, intersystem communications and other services; c) The provision of free information on community resources to all members of society through the use of computers, public telephone networks and other available means; d) The worldwide exchange and interchange of information, research and educational programs between and among students, educators and institutions; e) The creation and development of a free information system on education, training, and career opportunities with a capacity to survey education needs and skill levels of network members; f) The development of information age knowledge and skills among all persons, but especially among the youth of this region; g) The support of systematic inquiry into the nature of telecomputing as a new information and communications medium, including the cultural, social, economic, political and educational implications of the medium; h) The development and implementation of new computer and telecommunications technologies in support of community computer network systems. ARTICLE 4. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Article 4, Section 1. Number The initial Board of Directors shall consist of five directors who shall serve until such time as the Board of Director is fully constituted with a minimum of nine and a maximum of fifteen. The number of directors may be increased or decreased from time to time by amendment to these Bylaws, but in no event shall the number of directors be less than nine. The directors constituting the initial board of directors shall be as specified in the articles of incorporation and shall serve as directors until they resign, die, are removed, fail to be re-elected, or are unable to serve for any reason whatsoever. Article 4, Section 2. Qualifications of Directors Directors shall be of the age of majority in this state. Article 4, Section 3. Powers The affairs of the corporation will be managed by its board of directors, and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the board of directors, except as otherwise expressly required by the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws or the laws of the State of Louisiana. Article 4, Section 4. Term of Office The Directors shall be elected for a term of three years. However, to provide for a rotation, one-third shall be elected for one year, one-third for two years, and one-third for three years. Thereafter the term shall be three years. No director can be elected for more than two consecutive three-year terms. The only exception shall be that one of the board members will be the Chair of the Affiliate Council who will serve as ex officio member with full voting privileges. The term of this position shall coincide with the individual's term as Chair of the Affiliate Council but in no case longer than three years. Article 4, Section 5. Duties It shall be the duty of the directors to: a) Establish annual budget and any dues/fees or assessments as may be deemed necessary; b) Perform any and all duties imposed on them collectively or individually by law, by the articles of incorporation or by these Bylaws; c) Appoint and remove, employ and discharge, and, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, prescribe the duties and fix the compensation, if any, of all officers, agents and employees of the corporation; d) Meet at such times and places as requires by these Bylaws; e) Register their addresses with the Secretary of the corporation, and notices of meetings mailed or telegraphed to them at such addresses shall be valid notices thereof. f) Maintain full responsibility for the corporation's policy decisions, including prescribing such rules and regulations not inconsistent with these bylaws relating to the management and operation of the corporation as they deem expedient. Article 4, Section 6. Compensation The directors shall serve as such without compensation and no director shall directly or indirectly receive any profit from a director position as such; provided that a director may be paid reasonable expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation as an officer or in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefore. Article 4, Section 7. Place of Meetings Meetings shall be held at the principal office of the corporation unless otherwise provided by the board or at such other place as may be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Article 4, Section 8. Regular Meetings Regular meetings of Directors shall be held annually or more frequently on a schedule determined by the Board of Directors. The regular annual meeting of the board of directors shall be no later than April of each year at such time and place, either within or without the City of New Orleans, as the board of directors' resolution may direct. Article 4, Section 9. Elections. At the regular annual meeting of directors, the board shall elect new directors from names submitted by the Nominating Committee. Voting for the election of directors shall be by written ballot following Roberts' Rules of Order. Article 4, Section 10. Special Meetings Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the Chairperson of the Board, the President, the Vice-President, the Secretary, by any two directors, or, if different by the persons specifically authorized under the laws of this state to call special meetings of the board. Such meetings shall be held at the principal office of the corporation or, if different, at the place designated by the persons or persons calling the special meeting. Article 4, Section 11. Electronic Balloting Also, upon unanimous agreement of the board, special meetings may be called for the purpose of bringing forth to the board issues for electronic ballot. Ballots returned by electronic mail will be counted if "electronically marked" on or before the designated close of ballot date. For those not electronically connected, postal mail be substituted. Article 4, Section 12. Notice of Meetings Unless otherwise provided by the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws, or provisions of law, the following provisions shall govern the giving of notice for meetings of the board of directors: a) Regular meetings. No notice need be given of any regular meeting of the board of directors. b) Special Meetings. At least three days prior notice shall be given by the Secretary of the corporation to each director of each special meeting of the board. Such notice may be written, may be given personally, by first class mail, by computerized communications, by telephone, by telegram, or by telefax, and shall state the place, date and time of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted upon at the meeting. If delivered by registered U.S. mail, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited at a U.S. Post Office. A telegram will be considered delivered when it is delivered to the telegraph company. In the case of telefax or computerized communications notifica- tion, the director to be contacted shall acknowledge personal receipt of the facsimile/ computerized communications by return message or telephone call within twenty-four hours of the first transmission. c) Waiver of Notice. Any director may waive notice in writing of any meeting. The attendance of any director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting. d) Action Without a Meeting. A resolution in writing, signed by all the directors entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of the directors or committee of directors, is as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of directors. Notification of proposed action and of consent may be sent via U.S. Mail, computerized communication, telefax, or telegram. Article 4, Section 13. Quorum for Meetings A quorum shall consist of majority plus one of the members of the board of directors. Except as other provided under the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws, or provisions of law, no business shall be considered by the board at any meeting at which the required quorum is not present, and the only motion which the chair shall entertain at such meeting is a motion to adjourn. Article 4, Section 14. Majority Action as Board Action Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present is the act of the board of directors, unless the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws, or provisions of law require a greater percentage or different voting rules for approval of a matter of the board. Article 4, Section 15. Conduct of Meetings Meetings of the board of directors shall be presided over by the chairperson of the board, or, if no such person has been designated or, in his or her absence, by the President or Vice President of the corporation or, in the absence of each of these persons, by a Chairperson chose by a majority of the directors present at the meeting. The secretary of the corporation shall act as secretary of all meetings of the board, provided that, in his or her absence, the presiding officer shall appoint another person to act as secretary of the meeting. Meetings shall be governed by Roberts Rules of Order as such rules are not inconsistent with or in conflict with the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws, or with provisions of law. Article 4, Section 16. Proxy Voting Each voting board member present at a meeting shall have the right to exercise one vote. A board member may, by means of a written proxy, appoint a proxy holder to attend and act at a specific meeting of board of directors in the manner and to the extent authorized by the proxy. A proxy holder must be a member of the board of directors. Article 4, Section 17. Vacancies Vacancies on the board of directors shall exist (1) on the death, resignation or removal of any director, (2) whenever the number of authorized directors is increased, or 3) whenever a term expires. Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairperson of the Board, the president, the secretary, or the board of directors, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. No director may resign if the corporation would then be left without a duly elected director or directors in charge of its affairs, except upon notice to the office of the Attorney General or other appropriate agency of this state. Directors may be removed from office, with or without cause, as permitted by and in accordance with the laws of this state at any meeting of the board of directors by the affirmative vote of a majority of all incumbent directors, in person or by written proxy, if notice of intention to act upon such matter shall have been given in the notice calling such meeting. The removal of any board member shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of a board member or an agent shall not itself create contract rights. Unless otherwise prohibited by the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws, or provisions of law, vacancies on the board may be filled by approval of the board of directors. If the number of directors then in office is less than a quorum, a vacancy on the board may be filled by approval of a majority of the directors then in office or by a sole remaining director. A person elected to fill the vacancy on the board shall hold office until the next election of the board of directors or until his/her death, resignation or removal from office. Retiring directors shall remain in office until the dissolution or adjournment of the meeting at which their retirement is accepted and a successor is elected. The slate of candidates for election to the board shall be presented to the board by the Nominating Committee at the regular annual meeting. Article 4, Section 18. Non-Liability of Directors The directors shall not be personally liable for the debts, liabilities or other obligations of the corporation. Article 4, Section 19. Indemnification by Corporation of Directors and Officers The directors and officers of the corporation shall be indemnified by the corporation to the fullest extent permissible under the laws of this state. Article 4, Section 20. Insurance for Corporate Agents Except as may be otherwise provided under provision of law, the board of directors may adopt a resolution authorizing the purchase and maintenance of insurance on behalf of any agent of the corporation (including a director, officers, employees or other agent(s) of the corporation) against liabilities asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising out of the agent s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the agent against such liability under the articles of incorporation, these Bylaws or provision of law. ARTICLE 5. OFFICERS Article 5, Section 1. Designation of Officers The minimum officers of the corporation shall be a President, a Vice President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. One person may hold any number of offices, but two officers must sign any document that requires two signatures. The corporation may also have a Chairperson of the Board, additional Vice Presidents, and other such officers with titles as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. Officers need not be directors. Officers shall be appointed by resolution of the board at the first meeting of the board of directors following an annual meeting. Article 5, Section 2. Qualifications Any person may serve as officer of this corporation. Article 5, Section 3. Election and Term of Office Officers shall be elected by the board of directors, at any time, and each officer shall hold office until he or she resigns or is removed or is otherwise disqualified to serve, or until his/her successor shall be elected and qualified, whichever occurs first. The term of office shall be one year. Article 5, Section 4. Removal and Resignation Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by two-thirds vote of the board of directors, at any time, whenever in its judgement the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby. Removal of the President shall require a two-thirds majority plus one. The removal of any officer shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of a board member or an agent shall not itself create contract rights. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the board of directors or to the president or secretary of the corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of such notice or at any later date specified therein, and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. The above provisions of this Section shall be superseded by any conflicting terms of a contract which has been approved or ratified by the board of directors relating to the employment of any officer of the corporation. Article 5, Section 5. Vacancies Any vacancy caused by the death, resignation, removal, disqualification, or otherwise, of any officer shall be filled by the board of directors. In the event of a vacancy in any office other than that of President, such vacancy may be filled temporarily by appointment by the President until such time as the board shall fill the vacancy. Vacancies occurring in offices of officers appointed at the discretion of the board may or may not be filled as the board shall determine. Article 5, Section 6. Duties of President The President shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the board of directors, supervise and control the affairs of the corporation and the activities of the officers. He or she shall perform all duties incident to his/her office and such other duties as may be required by law, by the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws or which may be prescribed from time to time by the board of directors. Unless another person is specifically appointed as chairperson of the board of directors, the president shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors and, if this corporation has members, at all meetings of the members. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, by the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws, he/she shall, in the name of the corporation, execute such deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, checks, or other instruments which may from time to time be authorized by the board of directors. Article 5, Section 7. Duties of Vice President In the absence of the President, or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the Vice President shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions on, the President. The Vice President shall have other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law, by the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws, or as may be prescribed by the board of directors. Article 5, Section 8. Duties of Secretary The Secretary shall: a) Certify and keep at the principal office of the corporation the original, or a copy, of these Bylaws as amended or otherwise altered to date. b) Keep at the principal office of the corporation or at such other place as the board may determine, a book of minutes of all meetings of the directors, and, if applicable, meetings of committees of directors and of members, recording therein the time, and place of holding, whether regular or special, how called, how notice thereof was given, the names of those present or represented at the meeting, and the proceedings thereof. c) See that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law. d) Keep at the principal office of the corporation a membership book containing the name and address of each and any members, and, in the case where any membership has been terminated, he/she shall record such fact in the membership book together with the date on which such membership ceased. e) Exhibit at all reasonable times to any director of the corporation, or to his/her agent or attorney, on request therefor, the Bylaws, the membership book, and the minutes of the proceedings of the directors of the corporation. f) In general, perform all duties incident to the office of the Secretary and such other duties as may be required by law, by the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws, or which may be assigned to him/her from time to time by the board of directors. Article 5, Section 9. Duties of Treasurer The Treasurer shall: a) Have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all funds and securities of the corporation, and deposit all such funds in the name of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as shall be selected by the board of directors. b) Receive and give receipt for, monies due and payable to the corporation from any source whatsoever. c) Disburse, or cause to be disbursed, the funds of the corporation as may be directed by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements. d) Keep and maintain adequate and correct accounts of the corporation s properties and business transactions, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains and losses. e) Exhibit at all reasonable times the books of account and financial records to any director of the corporation, or to his/her agent or attorney, on request therefor. f) Render to the president and directors, whenever requested, an account of any or all of his/her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation. g) Prepare, or cause to be prepared, and certify, or cause to be certified, the financial statements to be included in any required reports. h) In general, perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as may be required by law, by the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws, or which may be assigned to him/her from time to time by the board of directors. Article 5. Section 10. Auditor The board shall, at each annual meeting, appoint an auditor to audit the accounts of the corporation for report to the members at the next annual meeting. The auditor shall hold office until the next annual meeting provided that the directors may fill any casual vacancy in the office of the auditor. The remuneration of the auditor shall be fixed by the board of directors. ARTICLE 6. COMMITTEES Article 6, Section 1. Executive Committee The board of directors may, by a majority vote, designate an Executive Committee consisting of two or more board members and may delegate to such committee the powers and authority of the board in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, to the extent permitted, and except as may otherwise be provided, by provisions of law. This delegation of authority does not relieve the board of responsibilities imposed by law. By a majority vote, the board may at any time revoke or modify any or all of the Executive Committee authority so delegated, increase or decrease but not below two (2) the number of the members of the Executive Committee, and fill vacancies on the Executive Committee from the members of the board. The Executive Committee shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings, cause them to be filed with the corporate records, and report the same to the board from time to time as the board may require. Article 6, Section 2. Nominating Committee The board of directors may, by a majority vote, designate a Nominating Committee consisting of three or more board members which will present at the regular annual meetings a slate of candidates for vacancy(ies) on the board of directors. The University of New Orleans Business/Higher Education Council shall be continually represented by three Board members. Article 6, Section 3. Other Committees The corporation shall have such other committees as may from time to time be designated by resolution of the board of directors. These committees may consist of persons who are not also members of the board and shall act in an advisory capacity to the board. Article 6, Section 4. Meetings and Actions of Committees Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, noticed, held and taken in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws concerning meetings of the board of directors, with such changes in the context of such bylaw provisions as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the board of directors and its members, except that the time for regular and special meetings of committees may be fixed by resolution of the board of directors or by the committee. The board of directors may also adopt rules and regulations pertaining to the conduct of meetings of committees to the extent that such rules and regulations are not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws. ARTICLE 7. EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS, DEPOSITS, AND FUNDS Article 7, Section 1. Execution of Instruments The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may by resolution authorize any officer or agent of the corporation to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized, no officer, agent, or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable monetarily for any purpose or in any amount. Article 7, Section 2. Checks and Notes Except as otherwise specifically determined by resolution of the board of directors, or as otherwise required by law, checks, drafts, promissory notes, orders for the payment of money, and other evidence of indebtedness of the corporation shall be signed by the Treasurer and countersigned by the President of the corporation. Article 7, Section 3. Deposits All funds of the corporation shall be deposited in a timely manner to the credit of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the board of directors shall select. Article 7, Section 4. Gifts The board of directors may accept on behalf of the corporation any contribution, gift, bequest, or device for the nonprofit purposes of this corporation. ARTICLE 8. CORPORATE RECORDS AND REPORTS Article 8, Section 1. Maintenance of Corporate Records The corporation shall keep at its principal office: a) Minutes of all meetings of directors, committees of the board and, if this corporation has members, of all meetings of members, indicating the time and place of holding such meetings, whether regular or special, how called, the notice given, and the names of those present and the proceedings thereof; b) Adequate and correct books and records of account, including accounts of its properties and business transactions and accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains and losses; c) A record of its members, if any, indicating their names and addresses and, if applicable, the class of membership held by each member and the termination date of any membership; d) A copy of the corporations s articles of incorporation and Bylaws as amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the members, if any, of the corporation at all reasonable times during office hours. Article 8, Section 2. Director s Inspection Rights Every director shall have the absolute right any reasonable time to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of every kind and to inspect the physical properties of the corporation and shall have such other rights to inspect the books, records and properties of this corporation as may be required under the articles of incorporation, other provisions of these Bylaws, and provisions of law. Article 8, Section 3. Right to Copy and Make Extracts Any inspection under the provisions of this article may be made in person or by agent or attorney and the right to inspection shall include the right to copy and make extracts. Article 8, Section 4. Periodic Report The board shall cause any annual or periodic report required under law to be prepared and delivered to an office of this state or to the members, if any, or this corporation, to be so prepared and delivered within the time limits set by law. ARTICLE 9. IRS 501(C)(3) TAX EXEMPTION PROVISIONS Article 9, Section 1. Limitations on Activities No substantial part of the activities of this corporation shall be the carrying on of propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation (except as otherwise provided by Section 501(h) of the Internal Revenue Code), and this corporation shall not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distribution of state- ments), any political campaign on behalf or, or in opposition to, any candidate for public office. Notwithstanding any other provisions of these Bylaws, this corporation shall not carry on any activities not permitted to be carried on (a) by a corporation exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, or (b) by a corporation, contributions to which are deductible under Section 170(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. Article 9, Section 2. Prohibition against Private Inurement No part of the net earnings of this corporation shall inure to the benefit of, or be distributable to, its members, directors or trustees, officers, or other private persons, except that the corporation shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of the purposes of this corporation. Article 9, Section 3. Distribution of Assets Upon the dismissal of this corporation, its assets remaining after payment, or provision for payment, of all debts and liabilities of this corporation shall be distributed for one or more exempt purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code or shall be distributed to the federal government, or to a state or local government, for a public purpose. Such distribution shall be made in accordance with all applicable provisions of the laws of this state. ARTICLE 10. AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS Article 10, Section 1. Amendment Except as may otherwise be specified under provisions of law, these Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed and new Bylaws adopted by approval of the board of directors. A proposed amendment may originate from the board of directors, information providers, or any board- sanctioned advisory group. ARTICLE 11. CONSTRUCTION AND TERMS If there is any conflict between the provisions of these Bylaws and the articles of incorporation of this corporation, the provisions of the articles of incorporation shall govern. Should any of the provisions or portions of these Bylaws be held unenforceable or invalid for any reason, the remaining provisions and portions of these Bylaws shall be unaffected by such holding. All references in these Bylaws to the articles of incorporation shall be to the Articles of Incorporation, Articles of Organization, Certificate of Incorporation, Organizational Charter, Corporate Charter, or other founding document of this corporation filed with an office of this state and used to establish the legal existence of this corporation. All references in these Bylaws to a section or sections of the Internal Revenue Code shall be to such sections of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended from time to time, or to corresponding provisions of any future federal tax code. ADOPTION OF BYLAWS We, the undersigned, are all of the initial directors of incorporators of this corporation, and we consent to, and hereby do, adopt the foregoing Bylaws, consisting of these thirteen (13) preceding pages, as the Bylaws of this corporation. Dated: ________________